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标签： 图灵  获奖  计算机  人工智能  计算 

图灵奖

图灵奖最早设立于1966年，是美国计算机协会在计算机技术方面所授予的最高奖项，被喻
为计算机界的诺贝尔奖。它是以英国数学天才Alan Turing先生的名字命名的，Alan Turi
ng先生对早期计算的理论和实践做出了突出的贡献。图灵奖主要授予在计算机技术领域做
出突出贡献的个人。而这些贡献必须对计算机业有长远而重要的影响。迄今为止已有34位
在计算机领域做出突出贡献的科学家获此殊荣。1966年，A. J. Perlis因其在新一代编程
技术和编译架构方面的贡献成为图灵奖的第一个得主。

每年，美国计算机协会将要求提名人推荐本年度的图灵奖候选人，并附加一份200到500字
的文章，说明被提名者为什么应获此奖。任何人都可成为提名人。美国计算机协会将组成
评选委员会对被提名者进行严格的审核，并最终确定当年的获奖者。

***** School Ranking *****
1---Stanford (8) (4 of them are graduates)
1---Berkeley (8) (5 of them are graduates)
3---Princeton (7) (5 of them are graduates)
4---CMU (6) (1 of them is graduate)
4---MIT (6) (4 of them are graduates)
6---Harvard (5) (4 of them are graduates)
7---Cornell (2) (0 of them is graduate)
7---UIUC (2) (2 of them are graduates)
7---Caltech (2) (2 of them are graduates)
7---Chicago (2) (2 of them are graduates)
11---SUNY Albany (1)
11---UT Austin (1)
11---Michigan (1) (a graduate)
11---Yale (1)
11---Columbia (1) (a graduate)
11---NYU (1)
11---UNC (1)
11---USC (1)
11---Naval Postgraduate School (1)


[美国大学以外]
Cambridge (3)
U Toronto (2)
Weizmann (2)
U Oslo (2)
Oxford (1)
U Amsterdam (1)
U Edinburgh (1)
ETH Zurich (1)
Microsoft (3)
IBM (3)
Bell-Labs (3)

历届图灵奖获得者名单：
1966 A. J. Perlis --- PhD, MIT; Prof, Yale (was Prof at CMU) (deceased)
因在新一代编程技术和编译架构方面的贡献而获奖.
1967 Maurice V. Wilkes --- PhD, Cambridge; Prof, Cambridge
因设计出第一台程序实现完全内存的计算机而获奖.
1968 Richard W. Hamming --- PhD, UIUC; Prof, Naval Postgraduate School (was

at Bell) (deceased)
因在计数方法、自动编码系统、检测及纠正错码方面的贡献被授予图灵奖.
1969 Marvin Minsky --- PhD, Princeton, Prof, MIT
因对人工智能的贡献被授予图灵奖.
1970 J.H. Wilkinson --- BS, Cambridge; staff, National Physical Laboratory,

London
因在利用数值分析方法来促进高速数字计算机的应用方面的研究而获奖.
1971 John McCarthy --- PhD, Princeton; Prof, Stanford
因对人工智能的贡献被授予图灵奖.
1972 Edsger W. Dijkstra --- PhD, U Amsterdam; Prof, UT Austin
因在编程语言方面的出众表现而获奖.
1973 Charles W. Bachman --- staff, Honeywell (education???)
因在数据库方面的杰出贡献而获奖.
1974 Donald E. Knuth --- PhD, Caltech; Prof, Stanford
For his major contributions to the analysis of algorithms and the design of

programming languages, and in particular for his contributions to the "art o

f computer programming" through his well-known books in a continuous series

by this title.
1975 Allen Newell --- PhD, Stanford; Prof, CMU (deceased)
和Herbert A. Simon --- PhD, Chicago; Prof, CMU (deceased)
因在人工智能、人类识别心理和表处理的基础研究而获奖.
1976 Michael O. Rabin --- PhD, Princeton; Prof, Harvard
和Dana S. Scott --- PhD, Princeton; Prof, CMU
因他们的论文"有限自动机与它们的决策问题"中所提出的非决定性机器这一很有价值的

概念而获奖.
1977 John Backus --- BS, Columbia; staff, IBM
因对可用的高级编程系统设计有深远和重大的影响而获奖.
1978 Robert W. Floyd --- BS, Chicago; Prof, Stanford
因其在软件编程的算法方面的影响，并开创了包括剖析理论、编程语言的语义、自动程

序检验、自动程序合成和算法分析在内的多项计算机子学科而被授予该奖.
1979 Kenneth E. Iverson --- (education???)
因对程序设计语言理论、互动式系统及APL的贡献被授予该奖.
1980 C. Anthony R. Hoare --- Prof, Oxford (education???) (now at Microsoft)

因对程序设计语言的定义和设计所做的贡献而获奖.
1981 Edgar F. Codd --- PhD, Michigan; staff, IBM
因在数椐库管理系统的理论和实践方面的贡献而获奖.
1982 Steven A. Cook --- PhD, Harvard; Prof, U Toronto
因奠定了NP-Completeness理论的基础而获奖.
1983 Ken Thompson --- MS, Berkeley; staff, Bell-Labs
和Dennis M. Ritchie --- PhD, Harvard; staff, Bell-Labs
因在类属操作系统理论，特别是UNIX操作系统的推广而获奖.
1984 Niklaus Wirth --- PhD, Berkeley; Prof, ETH Zurich
因开发了EULER、 ALGOL-W、 MODULA和PASCAL一系列崭新的计算语言而获奖.
1985 Richard M. Karp --- PhD, Harvard; Prof, Berkeley
因对算法理论的贡献而获奖.
1986 John E. Hopcroft --- PhD, Stanford; Prof, Cornell
and Robert E. Tarjan --- PhD, Stanford; Prof, Princeton
因在算法及数据结构的设计和分析中所取得的决定性成果而获奖.
1987 John Cocke --- staff, IBM (education???)
For significant contributions in the design and theory of compilers, the arc

hitecture of large systems and the development of reduced instruction set co

mputers (RISC); for discovering and systematizing many fundamental transform

ations now used in optimizing compilers including reduction of operator stre

ngth, elimination of common subexpressions, register allocation, constant pr

opagation, and dead code elimination.
1988 Ivan E. Sutherland --- PhD, MIT; staff, Sun
因在计算机图形学方面的贡献而获奖.
1989 William V. Kahan --- PhD, U Toronto; Prof, Berkeley
因在数值分析方面的贡献而获奖，他是是浮点计算领域的专家.
1990 Fernando J. Corbato --- PhD, MIT; Prof, MIT
因在开发大型多功能、可实现时间和资源共享的计算系统，如CTSS和Multics方面的贡献

而获奖.
1991 Robin Milner --- Prof, Cambridge (education???) (was at U Edinburgh)
因在可计算的函数的逻辑（LCF）、ML和并行理论（CCS）这三个方面的贡献而获奖.
1992 Butler Lampson --- PhD, Berkeley; staff, Microsoft
因在个人分布式计算机系统（包括操作系统）方面的贡献而获奖.
1993 Juris Hartmanis --- PhD, Caltech; Prof, Cornell
和 Richard E. Stearns --- PhD, Princeton; Prof, SUNY Albany
因奠定了计算复杂性理论的基础而获奖.
1994 Raj Reddy --- PhD, Stanford; Prof, CMU
和 Edward Feigenbaum (PhD, CMU; Prof, Stanford)
因对大型人工智能系统的开拓性研究而获奖.
1995 Manuel Blum --- PhD, MIT; Prof, Berkeley
因奠定了计算复杂性理论的基础和在密码术及程序校验方面的贡献而获奖.
1996 Amir Pnueli --- PhD, Weizmann Institute; Prof, NYU
因在计算中引入Temporal逻辑和对程序及系统检验的贡献被获奖.
1997 Douglas Engelbart --- staff, SRI (education???)
因提出互动式计算概念并创造出实现这一概念的重要技术而获奖.
1998 James Gray --- PhD, Berkeley; staff, Microsoft
因在数据库和事务处理方面的突出贡献而获奖.
1999 Frederick P. Brooks, Jr.--- PhD, Harvard; Prof, UNC
For landmark contributions to computer architecture, operating systems, and

software engineering.
2000 Andrew Chi-Chih Yao --- PhD, UIUC; Prof, Princeton
In recognition of his fundamental contributions to the theory of computation

, including the complexity-based theory of pseudorandom number generation, c

ryptography, and communication complexity.
2001 Ole-Johan Dahl, and Kristen Nygaard --- Profs, U Oslo (educations???)
For ideas fundamental to the emergence of object oriented programming, throu

gh their design of the programming languages Simula I and Simula 67.